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Sour Service Qualification of Carbon Steels (SMYS 450 MPa) and Their Welds Considering Field H2S Fugacity / Dissolved H2S Concentration - Qualification at Design and Atmospheric Pressure

Product Number: 51324-20609-SG

Author: Jiangnan (Hugh) Zhang; Ramesh Rao; Felipe Ramirez; Adam Darwin

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) qualification program was conducted for carbon steel components (piping, flanges, and fittings with SMYS 450 MPa) and its welds for an offshore facility piping system that may carry off-spec gas in the event of a temporary malfunction of the dehydration and H2S removal units. The off-spec sour gas may contain 22% mol CO2 (pCO2 73 bara) and 6,700 ppm H2S (pH2S 2.22 bara) at a total pressure of 332 bara and temperature of 24 °C with condensed water pH of 3.2. The SSC qualification program included two parts. Part I involved testing at 332 bara using batch-loaded high-pressure autoclaves based on H2S fugacity (fH2S) as permitted by NACE MR175/ISO 15156-2. Part II involved testing at atmospheric pressure by matching the predicted dissolved H2S concentration of the aqueous phase (cH2S) and by matching the predicted fH2S of the gas. Part I and Part II tests were conducted using the same set-up (NACE TM0177 Method A tensile) and stress (75% AYS). Hardness readings taken at the base material (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM) were below 250 HV10 near the root and mid-section of the rings (with couple of single reading exceptions along the HAZ for the rings involving flanges and fittings). Hence, most of the tested carbon steel rings could have been considered suitable for sour service through compliance with NACE MR0175 /ISO 15156-2. Nevertheless, post-examination of test specimens revealed susceptibility to SSC in both Part I and Part II tests. These lab results suggest that NACE MR0175 /ISO 15156-2 guidance on carbon steel SSC resistance, which is based on hardness, is not always conservative.

Galvanic Corrosion: A Practical Guide for Engineers, 2nd Edition

Product Number: 37625-POD

ISBN: 978-1-57590-353-8

Author: Roger Francis

$105.00

This is a print-on-demand (POD) book that will be produced just for you in 2-5 days after your order. It should arrive at your door in about one to two weeks. However, due to supply chain and logistic challenges currently affecting the industry, it may take longer. Allow three weeks for international orders.

Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are electrically coupled in an eletrically conducting, corrosion fluid. Under these conditions, the rate of corrosion of one member of the couple is increased above that which would occur if the metal were exposed in isolation.

The author, Roger Francis, provides answers for common questions concerning galvanic corrosion and how to not only stop it, but prevent it.

2017 NACE, 8 x 10" trim size, softbound, 150 pages.

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Effect of Applied Stress and Precracking Parameters on KISSC of High Strength Steel Grades

Product Number: 51319-13183-SG

Author: María José Cancio

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The NACE Standard DCB test Method D provides a measure of resistance to crack propagation in sour environment; expressed in terms of a critical intensity factor for Sulfide Stress Cracking. Testing conditions must be such to ensure crack initiation since is a crack arrest type of fracture mechanics test. To ensure crack initiation the formation of a sharp crack tip by fatigue precracking is permitted by the mentioned standard; however the conditions in which precracking procedure must be performed are not so well established and were modified over the years. Definition of pre-cracking load is crucial for obtaining the true value of since excessive load will produce an increment of the plastic zone at the crack tip that will delay crack initiation generating overestimation of that could not be otherwise noticeable. Despite the selection of pre-cracking load and procedure has a clear impact on Method D result criterion of NACE TM0177 has changed over the yearsand nowadays differs in the maximum precracking intensity factor defined for C110 in API 5CT. The main objective of this work is to quantify the effect of pre-cracking load on sour resistance for the High Strength Steel grades tested with different arm displacement. Tests were performed NACE A solution and SR39.3 solution for C110 and in NACE A for the future C125 grade at 24°C.

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10185 Role of Acetates on Pitting Corrosion in a CO2 System

Product Number: 51300-10185-SG

ISBN: 10185 2010 CP

Author: Dr. James D. Garber, Dr. Kathleen Knierim, Mr. Vinayak B. Patil

Publication Date: 2010

$20.00

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05092 Experience with 13Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in the Tune Submarine Flowlines

Product Number: 51300-05092-SG

ISBN: 05092 2005 CP

Author: Ragnar Mollan, Norsk Hydro ASA

$20.00

Available for download

Considerations Associated with the Selection of Electrochemical Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Product Number: 51323-19045-SG

Author: Atef Cheaitani, Samir Cheytani, Martin Cheytani

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) for reinforced concrete structures has been installed on numerous bridges and wharves in Australia over the past 40 years. The exposure conditions at the majority of these bridges and wharves made them more susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion.

The ICCP systems in Australia are designed, installed and monitored in accordance with the global cathodic protection standards such as AMPP Standard SP 0290-2019, International Standard ISO 12696:2022, and Australian Standard AS 2832.5 – 2008 (R2018).

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CorrCompilation: Oil Production Chemicals, Volume 2 (e-book)

Product Number: 37638-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-397-2

Author: Edited by Joseph Itodo Emmanuel

Publication Date: 2019

$130.00

The “CorrCompilation: Oilfield Production Chemicals” series covers production, selection, performance evaluation, application, monitoring, and optimization of oilfield chemicals. The oilfield chemicals presented are corrosion inhibitors, biocides, scale inhibitors, and drag reducers. The editor, Joseph Itodo Emmanuel, believes it is a “must-have reference book” for corrosion engineers in the field, technicians, and field operation supervisors due to its broad spectrum.

He suggests the compilation could be used for a university-level engineering or scientific course on oilfield chemicals or tailored training to enhance the technical knowledge of field personnel on oilfield chemical application and management.

Since this CorrCompilation series consists of 90 NACE technical papers or articles, it is published in three volumes.

Volume 1: Development and Selection

Volume 2: Performance Evaluation and Application

Volume 3: Monitoring and Optimization

Each volume contains current research findings, field treatment practices, best practices, and scientific and engineering concepts.

2019 NACE e-book

Available for download

03651 Specification for Carbon Steel Materials for Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Units

Product Number: 51300-03651-SG

ISBN: 03651 2003 CP

Author: Andy Gysbers, Hisham Hashim, Dannie Clarida, Gregmar Chirinos, Dr. John Marsh, Dr. Jim Palmer

Publication Date: 2003

$20.00

Joint Industry Project “Materials Specification for HF Alkylation Plant” to develop test and corrosion rate measurement procedures for materials in HF environments and to develop a carbon steel materials specification w.r.t levels of residual elements and carbon in steels for HF alkylation equipment.

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CorrCompilation: Advancements for Control of Inorganic Scale, Volume 2 (e-book)

Product Number: 37649-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-392-7

Author: edited by Wayne W. Frenier, FNACE

$125.00

This CorrCompilation series focuses primarily on equilibrium-formed scales, where an aqueous fluid changes from an unsaturated equilibrium state to a saturated and supersaturated state and then solids may start to form. These types of fouling minerals include alkaline earth salts, silicates, alkaline salts (NaCl), sulfides, and under specific circumstances, metal sulfide salts that form through equilibrium changes. While corrosion product scales are not the subject of this book, the importance of corrosion product layers to the deposition of other scales will be described.

Since this is a CorrCompilation and more than 90 copies of NACE papers are included, the work is published in four volumes. The editor, Wayne W. Frenier, FNACE, provides an extensive introduction to each volume, offering the reader a thorough mix of history, theory, and engineering techniques and methods for addressing scale.

Volume 1: Introduction to Equipment Subject to Inorganic Scale

Volume 2: Current Mechanisms for Understanding Inorganic Scale Formation and Deposition

Volume 3: Chemistry and Application of Scale Inhibitors

Volume 4: Alternative Methods of Scale Control

Predicting where, when, and, most importantly, how much scale will deposit and adhere to a critical surface has proven to be very challenging. This second volume, "Current Mechanisms for Understanding Inorganic Scale Formation and Deposition," will review literature for both the formation and deposition of the primary fouling mineral scales, CaCO3, CaSO4(X•H2O), BaSO4, metal sulfides, and silica/silicates.

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O2 Contamination in Ssc / Hic Qualification Test Environments – Impact on Test Results and Discussion on Acceptable Limits

Product Number: 51319-12894-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

It is a well-admitted fact that oxygen contamination shall be avoided during standard H2S cracking tests. Until 2016 NACE technical methods related to H2S cracking resistance evaluation (e.g. NACE TM0284 and NACE TM0177) only gave general suggestions about O2 pollution. For instance it was recommended that ‘tests vessels shall be capable of being purged to remove O2’ and also that ‘O2 contamination is evident by a cloudy appearance’. In the 2016 revisions of NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284 documents quantitative limits of O2 contamination were included:- Test method must ensure that the test solution contains less than 50 mass. ppb dissolved O2 before the introduction of H2S.- A more stringent limit of 10 ppb max. is imposed when testing Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) or high strength low alloy steels (> 80 ksi).However the scientific basis of these values have not been well-established yet and there is still a lack of available experimental data to illustrate the potential impacts of small dissolved oxygen contents on the cracking resistance of different materials. In addition while the revised test methods explicitly address initial contamination of the test solution before H2S introduction they do not consider a continuous oxygen supply during testing. This possible continuous O2 contamination is extremely difficult to eliminate and control for example in case of poor laboratory practices oxygen ingress may arise by permeation through polymer tubings used for the tests or in case of a lack of tightness of gaskets.In order to better understand the impact of O2 contamination on H2S cracking a 3-years Joint Industrial Project (JIP) was launched at the end of 2015. The objectives were to evaluate if continuous O2 contamination can affect H2S cracking test results. A range of steel grades covering different types of O&G applications such as line pipe OCTG and flexible wires were used. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC uniaxial tensile as well as 4 point-bend tests) and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) tests were conducted with well-controlled and continuous O2 contamination. Three levels of O2 partial pressures in the gas feed corresponding to 300 ppb 50 ppb and less than 10 ppb dissolved O2 were used. These levels were selected to simulate poor deaeration and the current limits specified in the last standard revisions respectively.In parallel to the standard qualification tests hydrogen permeation and weight-loss corrosion experiments were performed with the same test matrix covering all regions of the SSC severity diagram. This paper aims at sharing the main results of this JIP.

Available for download

CorrCompilation: Oil Production Chemicals, Volume 1

Product Number: 37632-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-376-7

Author: Edited by Joseph Itodo Emmanuel

Publication Date: 2019

$130.00

The “CorrCompilation: Oilfield Production Chemicals” series covers production, selection, performance evaluation, application, monitoring, and optimization of oilfield chemicals. The oilfield chemicals presented are corrosion inhibitors, biocides, scale inhibitors, and drag reducers. The editor, Joseph Itodo Emmanuel, believes it is a “must-have reference book” for corrosion engineers in the field, technicians, and field operation supervisors due to its broad spectrum.

He suggests the compilation could be used for a university-level engineering or scientific course on oilfield chemicals or tailored training to enhance the technical knowledge of field personnel on oilfield chemical application and management.

Since this CorrCompilation consists of 90 NACE technical papers or articles, it is published in three volumes.

Volume 1: Development and Selection

Volume 2: Performance Evaluation and Application

Volume 3: Monitoring and Optimization

Each volume contains current research findings, field treatment practices, best practices, and scientific and engineering concepts.

2019 NACE e-book

Available for download

CorrCompilation: Advancements for Control of Inorganic Scale, Volume 3 (e-book)

Product Number: 37650-e

ISBN: 978-1-57590-393-4

Author: edited by Wayne W. Frenier, FNACE

$125.00

This CorrCompilation series focuses primarily on equilibrium-formed scales, where an aqueous fluid changes from an unsaturated equilibrium state to a saturated and supersaturated state and then solids may start to form. These types of fouling minerals include alkaline earth salts, silicates, alkaline salts (NaCl), sulfides, and under specific circumstances, metal sulfide salts that form through equilibrium changes. While corrosion product scales are not the subject of this book, the importance of corrosion product layers to the deposition of other scales will be described.

Since this is a CorrCompilation and more than 90 copies of NACE papers are included, the work is published in four volumes. The editor, Wayne W. Frenier, FNACE, provides an extensive introduction to each volume, offering the reader a thorough mix of history, theory, and engineering techniques and methods for addressing scale.

Volume 1: Introduction to Equipment Subject to Inorganic Scale

Volume 2: Current Mechanisms for Understanding Inorganic Scale Formation and Deposition

Volume 3: Chemistry and Application of Scale Inhibitors

Volume 4: Alternative Methods of Scale Control

This volume, “Chemistry and Application of Scale Inhibitors,” will describe current scale inhibitor (SI) chemicals and theories of their modes of action. These chemicals are used to inhibit (reduce) the detrimental effects of mineral scales on oil and gas as well as other industrial surfaces.

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Sour Service Qualification of Carbon Steels (SMYS 450 MPa) and Their Welds Considering Field H2S Fugacity / Dissolved H2S Concentration - Qualification at Design and Atmospheric Pressure

Galvanic Corrosion: A Practical Guide for Engineers, 2nd Edition

Effect of Applied Stress and Precracking Parameters on KISSC of High Strength Steel Grades

10185 Role of Acetates on Pitting Corrosion in a CO2 System

05092 Experience with 13Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in the Tune Submarine Flowlines

Considerations Associated with the Selection of Electrochemical Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Structures

CorrCompilation: Oil Production Chemicals, Volume 2 (e-book)

03651 Specification for Carbon Steel Materials for Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Units

CorrCompilation: Advancements for Control of Inorganic Scale, Volume 2 (e-book)

O2 Contamination in Ssc / Hic Qualification Test Environments – Impact on Test Results and Discussion on Acceptable Limits

CorrCompilation: Oil Production Chemicals, Volume 1

CorrCompilation: Advancements for Control of Inorganic Scale, Volume 3 (e-book)

Association for Materials Protection and Performance