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Mechanistic Insights into Refinery Sulfidation Corrosion

Picture for Mechanistic Insights into Refinery Sulfidation Corrosion
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High temperature sulfidation (or sulfidic) corrosion of steel by sulfur species in crude oil has long been known to damage refinery equipment. Corrosion engineers have been using prediction curves derived from field corrosion data to estimate rates of sulfidation corrosion. However, a significant inaccuracy is often encountered in these estimations because of the extensive diversity in molecular structures of sulfur compounds in crude oils.

Product Number: 51323-19107-SG
Author: Ishan Patel, Gheorghe Bota, David Young
Publication Date: 2023
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$20.00

Multiple mass transport and reaction type rate processes are involved in high temperature refinery sulfidation corrosion. Corrosion tests provide only aggregate rates of corrosion which results from underlying generally sequential sub-processes. Theoretically, rates of these sub-processes can be calculated using principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics, if associated phenomenological coefficients are known. These coefficients are traditionally obtained by experimentally confirming the governing rate determining step. In complex systems such as refinery sulfidation corrosion, conventional empirical models such as Arrhenius, parabolic, logarithmic, or other popular rate laws cannot be confirmed exclusively. This has been elucidated by high temperature sulfidation tests manipulating concentration, temperature, and duration. Theories of solid-state chemistry and general chemical science are discussed considering the experimental data in order to create a mechanistic model which can simulate trends in corrosion rates.

Multiple mass transport and reaction type rate processes are involved in high temperature refinery sulfidation corrosion. Corrosion tests provide only aggregate rates of corrosion which results from underlying generally sequential sub-processes. Theoretically, rates of these sub-processes can be calculated using principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics, if associated phenomenological coefficients are known. These coefficients are traditionally obtained by experimentally confirming the governing rate determining step. In complex systems such as refinery sulfidation corrosion, conventional empirical models such as Arrhenius, parabolic, logarithmic, or other popular rate laws cannot be confirmed exclusively. This has been elucidated by high temperature sulfidation tests manipulating concentration, temperature, and duration. Theories of solid-state chemistry and general chemical science are discussed considering the experimental data in order to create a mechanistic model which can simulate trends in corrosion rates.

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Picture for A Review of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion and Sulfidic Corrosion in Crude Oil Refining Applications
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A Review of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion and Sulfidic Corrosion in Crude Oil Refining Applications

Product Number: 51319-13443-SG
Author: Yuhchae Yoon
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Corrosion problems related to crude refining became a dominant concern as crude oil refining expanded to serve global energy demands with economic costs and benefits in the petroleum industry and more so with the availability of ‘opportunity crudes’. Reducing oil production costs have continuously forced refineries to look for so-called “opportunity” or “alternate” crudes which are usually lower quality higher corrosivity crude oils with higher levels of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds. Processing of these high acid high sulfur crudes has engendered significant corrosion concerns in hot oil distillation units and associated piping systems.Mitigating ‘opportunity crude’ corrosivity involves several strategies including improvement of the refining process of blending crudes injection of inhibitors de-acidification utilization of better materials with higher corrosion resistance control of flow velocity and associated wall shear stress produced by the flow media and finally optimization of in-service inspection and monitoring in oil refineries. This paper will review based on the experience of the authors in developing extensive naphthenic acid corrosivity data from a comprehensive Joint Industry Program (JIP) the influence of crude oil chemistry on naphthenic acid corrosion contributions of reactive sulfur chemistry to protectiveness and FeS scale formation and the ability to resist naphthenic acid corrosion utilizing beneficial sulfur speciation as well as acid molecular weight molecular structure molecular boiling point as well as operational parameters of temperature shear stress and alloy metallurgy.Key words: Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Sulfidic Corrosion Corrosion Prediction Opportunity crude processing
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10358 A Study of Actual Crude Unit Sulfidation Corrosion Compared with Model Prediction

Product Number: 51300-10358-SG
ISBN: 10358 2010 CP
Author: Doug Farrell and Lionel Roberts P.Eng.
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Picture for 07465 Sulfidation/Oxidation Laboratory Tests to Relate to Industrial Conditions
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07465 Sulfidation/Oxidation Laboratory Tests to Relate to Industrial Conditions

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