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This standard covers the testing of welds subjected to tensile stresses for resistance to cracking in aqueous environments containing a source of hydrogen charging. Carbon and low alloy steels and their matching welds are commonly tested for EAC resistance at room temperature where susceptibility is typically high. For other types of alloys, the correlation of EAC susceptibility with temperature is more complicated. For example, dissimilar welds of nickel alloy on carbon or low alloy steel have shown susceptibility at low, seabed temperatures (4 °C [39 °F]). Matching welds made on duplex stainless steels have shown similar susceptibility (DNV RP-F112).
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Keywords: Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC), Hydrogen Stress Cracking (HSC), Delayed Hydrogen Cracking Test (DHCT), subsea weld, hydrogen charging
This standard practice presents guidelines for preplanning for, recovering from, and repassivation after a low pH excursion in open recirculating water systems, no matter what the cause. The procedures presented in this standard inno way preclude the use of other procedures but are presented as best practices developed over years of experienceinavarietyofplants.Theprovisionsofthisstandardshouldbeappliedunderthedirectionofqualifiedwater-treatmentpersonnelfromwater-treatmentsuppliersand/orconsultants andplantpersonnel.
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This standard practice provides guidance on selecting and implementing the Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) methods (i.e., technologies and processes) to assess and to mitigate threats to pipeline integrity. Predominant threats to pipeline integrity are external corrosion (EC), internal corrosion (IC), stress corrosion cracking (SCC), mechanical damage (first, second, and third party or vandalism), equipment malfunctioning, manufacturing anomalies, construction anomalies, incorrect operations, weather-related, and external forces. The standard is focused on the “selection” and “implementation” of methods and best practices to manage pipeline integrity, but not necessarily on defining all aspects of PIM programs.
Carbon and low-alloy steels in plate form and their welded products may be susceptible to one or more forms of environmental cracking when exposed to wet H2S service conditions. These include, for example, (1) sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of hard zones and welds; (2) hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in the parent metal; and (3) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking (SOHIC) in the region adjacent to welds of nominally acceptable hardness. Extensive work has been conducted over many years to understand various fundamental and applied aspects of these phenomena. Experiences in refinery wet H2S operations have directed particular attention to understanding SOHIC and the various metallurgical and environmental parameters that govern its occurrence.
Scope
This standard was prepared to provide a test method for consistent evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels to SOHIC caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. The test conditions are not designed to simulate any specific service environment. The test is intended to evaluate resistance to SOHIC only, and not to other adverse effects of sour environments such as sulfide stress cracking (SSC), pitting, or mass loss from corrosion.