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Adhesion Of Corrosion Product Layers Formed In Dewing Conditions

Picture for Adhesion Of Corrosion Product Layers Formed In Dewing Conditions
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Product Number: 51321-17007-SG
Author: Claudia Prieto; Bruce Brown; Marc Singer; David Young
Publication Date: 2021
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Engineers in the oil and gas industry frequently rely on the formation of protective corrosion product layers to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion. However, their protectiveness can be compromised if such layers, iron carbonate formed during CO2 corrosion for example, are mechanically removed from the metal. Partial loss of a corrosion product layer has the potential to result in localized attack and loss of containment. In sour environments, this partial loss can lead to particulate (black powder in case of commercial gas pipelines) entrainment, which can cause multiple problems downstream in the pipeline. Consequently, the study of adhesion forces between iron carbonate, iron oxide or iron sulfide layers and their associated metal substrate is
essential to the industry. In the current work, adherence characteristics of iron carbonate layers grown in dewing conditions (condensing water conditions) were mechanically characterized via scratch testing by measuring the critical force to produce a removal of the layer. With the use of critical frictional forces (tangential forces parallel to the surface that produce the removal of the corrosion product) and the projected area of the indenter, the shear stress associated with the removal of the layer was calculated. This mechanical assessment was extended to layers grown in bulk aqueous conditions for comparative purposes. The results indicated that the critical shear stress for the removal of iron carbonate in dewing conditions was 3 orders of magnitude lower than for iron carbonate grown in aqueous environments. Finally, the critical shear stress for iron sulfide produced in dewing conditions indicated that the layer was significantly more adherent than the iron carbonate layer grown in similar conditions. In addition to understanding corrosion phenomena, this work has significance relating to black powder formation and resultant erosion.

Engineers in the oil and gas industry frequently rely on the formation of protective corrosion product layers to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion. However, their protectiveness can be compromised if such layers, iron carbonate formed during CO2 corrosion for example, are mechanically removed from the metal. Partial loss of a corrosion product layer has the potential to result in localized attack and loss of containment. In sour environments, this partial loss can lead to particulate (black powder in case of commercial gas pipelines) entrainment, which can cause multiple problems downstream in the pipeline. Consequently, the study of adhesion forces between iron carbonate, iron oxide or iron sulfide layers and their associated metal substrate is
essential to the industry. In the current work, adherence characteristics of iron carbonate layers grown in dewing conditions (condensing water conditions) were mechanically characterized via scratch testing by measuring the critical force to produce a removal of the layer. With the use of critical frictional forces (tangential forces parallel to the surface that produce the removal of the corrosion product) and the projected area of the indenter, the shear stress associated with the removal of the layer was calculated. This mechanical assessment was extended to layers grown in bulk aqueous conditions for comparative purposes. The results indicated that the critical shear stress for the removal of iron carbonate in dewing conditions was 3 orders of magnitude lower than for iron carbonate grown in aqueous environments. Finally, the critical shear stress for iron sulfide produced in dewing conditions indicated that the layer was significantly more adherent than the iron carbonate layer grown in similar conditions. In addition to understanding corrosion phenomena, this work has significance relating to black powder formation and resultant erosion.

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