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Analysis of the Sunde’s equation for multiple electrodes in horizontal configurationsis done in order to show that this equation cannot be used in the case of typical cathodic protection design. An accurate approach to horizontal anode groundbed design and understanding of the theory behind groundbed resistance equations.
Until recently, there was not a resistance equation for multiple horizontal anode groundbeds. In the case when the anodes are in the same coke breeze bed, the groundbed resistance can be calculated with the Dwight’si single horizontal anode equation. In the case of several horizontal anodes in an individual coke bed, an interference factor between anodes, some times called the crowed factor, is used. The interference factor is derived from Sunde’s vertical resistance equation for multiple anodesii. This paper presents two general equations for horizontal anode groundbeds, with the anodes in individual coke breeze beds. The first case describes anodes that are in a parallel configuration, while the second one is for when anodes are placed in the same line, but still in an individual coke breeze bed. An analysis of the Sunde’s equation for multiple electrodes in horizontal configurationsiii is done in order to show that this equation cannot be used in the case of typical cathodic protection designs. This paper offers a more accurate approach to the horizontal anode groundbed design and helps in the understanding of the general theory behind the groundbed resistance equations. Keywords: horizontal groundbed resistance equation, potential theory, cathodic protection design
This paper contains a review of commonly used practices and presents a generalized technique for the calculation of earth potentials for the determination of remoteness of impressed current anode ground beds. The intent is to facilitate proper design and evaluation of anode ground beds of impressed current cathodic protection system for cross-country pipelines.
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The State of the Art in the technical/scientific knowledge of the subject of AC corrosion on cathodically protected pipelines. Its mitigation, the studies and the issue of relevant Standards & Recommendations will also be dealt with.
Case study for anode grid systems. used for Cathodic Protection of above ground storage tank bottom plates. Technical solutions for arranging the anode grid on large (90 m diameter) tanks are studied and compared in respect to the CP major objective.