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This work applied the Wet Gas-Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (WG-ICDA) standard to assess the severity of internal corrosion of 2 segments along a pipeline used to transport wet gas from a gas mine.
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Pipeline integrity management and practices have been systemized through standards(1), and one important aspect in integrity management is corrosion monitoring. Corrosion monitoring by using permanently installed equipment has increased in the past years(2). By using permanently installed ultrasound transducer (UT) sensors and automating signal processing and communication, a more costefficient corrosion management program can be obtained. Ultrasound techniques have been developed to complement traditional inspection with monitoring to improve cost efficiency of pipeline integrity management.
Corrosion rate monitoring techniques, using coupons and probes of various designs and technologies, have been in use for decades in some form or another. Weight-loss coupons were an early type of direct measurement of metal loss to determine the rate of corrosion in many applications, internal and external. These coupons could be placed where corrosion is suspected to be occurring and the rate of corrosion determined by removing and weighing the coupon after a set period.
Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes.1-4 In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures.5-7 Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.8-11 Although sulfidation and acid corrosion occur over the same temperature range, they differ in two significant ways. Sulfidation forms an iron sulfide solid that is semiresistant to further corrosion and relatively insensitive to flow velocity. Acids form oil soluble organic salts that can be washed away especially in areas of high turbulence.12-14
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Specification, selection & use of sensors for monitoring atmospheric corrosion. These sensors - based on electrochemical techniques - provide continuous records of contaminants, corrosion rates, or coating condition.
The purpose of this document is to provide instructions on the use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring atmospheric corrosion. These sensors are used to measure thin film electrolyte conductance, corrosion current or coating condition over long periods. This method permits the instantaneous evaluation of corrosion current that can be related to specific environmental conditions in real time. The instantaneous corrosion current measurements are not accessible using electrical resistance sensors or mass loss techniques. The technology described in this document complements other standard techniques for assessing atmospheric corrosion such as mass loss coupons, electrical resistance sensors or coated test panels (see ISO 8407 and ISO 4628-8). These continuous records of material condition can be useful for studying atmospheric corrosion, evaluating materials or managing assets.
The presentation discusses use of combined direct monitoring and wireless local networking technologies allowing multiple data types from several locations in a gas storage field to be accessed through a single field device.