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The corrosion behavior of mild steel in a gas reforming CO2-H2O-CHOOH environment at high temperature and pressure (210°C; 3500KPa) was studied using polarization and mass loss tests as well as online corrosion monitoring techniques
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Specimens of duplex stainless steel (DSS) were exposed at temperature of 200°C in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of a digester processing.
This study will aim to characterize the oxide scales formed on alloy surfaces under such superheated environments and how the presence of these oxides reduces corrosion.
Pertinent mechanisms of scale and deposition control processes as well as the sources of contaminants are discussed. Methods of prevention and control parameters are demonstrated with laboratory and field results.
This study used a synthetic solution to simulate weak black liquor environments (5 g/L sodium hydroxide and 20 g/L sodium sulphide) at 160°C to perform laboratory experiments.
The intent of this document is to describe the major aspects of the sampling process, from specific sample identification, determination of analytical requirements, through sample point design, to sample collection. Consideration of these aspects is necessary for the development of robust and safe sampling programs, protocols, and procedures to facilitate indirect corrosion monitoring.
This document is to assist end users in the development of sampling programs. The guidance is structured to provide an awareness of the major aspects of program design, which if not addressed, may have a significant negative impact on the overall performance of these programs. While this document has been primarily developed with a focus on sampling for indirect internal corrosion monitoring; the basic concepts have a broader applicability and may be of benefit to those developing sampling programs in other areas or for other requirements.
This standard practice contains requirements for application of fluoropolymer powder coatings to steel substrates located in process vessels and equipment used in the chemical, electronic, pharmacy, and food industries.
This AMPP standard test method provides a comprehensive methodology to evaluate the relative performance of coatings in accelerated and simulated field conditions under insulation. This test method is intended for use by corrosion control personnel, design engineers, project managers, purchasing personnel, and construction engineers and managers. It is applicable to insulated piping and equipment in the oil and gas gathering, distribution, transmission, refining, and chemical industries.
Coating/lining manufacturers and/or facility owners frequently specify cleaning and roughening of the concrete surface prior to product installation. The specifications may reference qualitative methods including visual assessments using comparison coupons or quantitative methods including surface profile depth measurements. However, prior to this Technical Report, there was no known data to inform a conversion between qualitative and quantitative methods. The outcomes of this Technical Report enable coating manufacturers, engineers, specifiers, and contractors to convert well-established qualitative methods to quantitative values based on an interlaboratory experiment. While current quantitative methods can measure up to 6 mm (250 mils), extremely rough concrete surfaces (exceeding ~1.5 mm, or ~50 mils) were not included in the experiment due to the inability to stabilize the instrument probe and obtain accurate data.
This research aims to develop a fundamental understanding of the synergistic effect between molten salt and hot gaseous environments on corrosion mechanisms in kraft recovery boiler superheater tubes.
Control of iron oxide deposits by using specific polymers is key to maintaining clean heat transfer surfaces and generating passive films within an industrial boiler.
The growth rate of small and long stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks in 12Cr steam turbine blade steels in low conductivity water containing 35 ppm Cl- (simulating upset steam condensate chemistry) showed a significant dependence on crack size for the same mechanical driving force.