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This paper will demonstrate the fundamental corrosion issues encountered in Sulfur Recovery Units. It will address the Claus process chronic corrosion problems such as sulfidation, sour environment cracking, weak acid corrosion, etc.
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Experimental results and findings from a joint industry program entitled “Prediction and Assessment of Corrosion in Amine Solvents” conducted over the period from March 2003 to May 2007. An overview of experimental methods, observed results and trends, as well as comparison of predicted corrosion rates to refinery field data.
This paper reports liquid metal embrittlement (LME) test results for a variety of common oilfield and processing plant alloys exposed to liquid mercuryp across a range of temperatures. Test methods used include slow strain rate testing and C-ring tests.
An advanced grade of super-austenitic stainless steel with a reduced content of nickel offers a significant economic advantage over nickel-base CRA’s. As the alloy is readily fabricated by conventional techniques, it is an excellent candidate for a variety of applications in the chemical, petrochemical, mining, oil and gas, and refining industries.
Case study: A leak occurred in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit main fractionator overhead line elbow in June 2006. Following this leak, investigations showed acidic corrosion-erosion in the overhead circuit. This type of corrosion was unexpected in this circuit.
The purpose of this paper will be to: (a) review published literature to characterize and classify speciation related to the types of impurities encountered in opportunity crudes; and (b) describe and categorize published case studies of corrosion in crude unit overhead operations.
Crude unit overhead systems contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbon water and various ionic species. Ionic modeling has been used to better understand the rapidly changing phase behavior in this system and to shed some light on some factors which may influence corrosion.
Tube coils in a radiant section of an ethylene cracking furnace are subject to corrosion. Repair welding of these tube coils is difficult. A degraded tube section is replaced by welding in a virgin tube section. The current paper presents the test results of a weld joint between a service-exposed tube and virgin tube using automatic orbital and manual gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) processes.
Advances in precision, fully-digital ultrasonic wall-thickness measurement systems with cellular data back-haul enable accurate, deployable, and cost-effective corrosion monitoring systems. Comparisons are presented. This paper includes design principles of this next-generation platform, end-user input, and recent installation and operational experiences.
Several hundred wireless wall-thickness monitoring sensors were installed in crude and vacuum distillation units. This enables capability to determine the corrosion risk associated with different crudes long before any undesirable consequences of corrosion events occur.
This paper outlines a study to assess existing mechanical and chemical cleaning techniques in oil processing plants, natural gas liquid (NGL), and utility facilities. The cleaning assessment covered the major equipment at crude stabilization units.
It has been documented that improved desalting efficiency reduces the risk of corrosion and vice versa. This paper introduces a new way of using the desalting process to help control overhead corrosion. The end result is the corrosion engineer has a new tool to reduce the risk of salt formation.