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Protective coatings exposed to sunlight must withstand multiple environmental stresses: ultraviolet light, moisture, heat, corrosive chlorides and other salts, and atmospheric pollutants. Two decades after the publication of a sequential UV and cyclic salt spray test method in ASTM D5894, some efforts to create better and more predictive test methods have focused on delivering both UV and salt spray in a single chamber and adding additional stresses such as ozone exposure, air pressure fluctuations, atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, and other environmental factors.
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While corrosion and erosion in subsea pipes remains a significant concern, instrumentation has been developed to provide detailed mapping of wall thickness loss. In the mid-2000s the Corrosion-Erosion Monitor was introduced, which utilizes guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) to monitor mean wall thickness loss between non-intrusive ultrasound transducers installed permanently on pipe sections with typical length 0.7 m–1 m [1, 2, 3, 4]. The tomography software package was developed in the 2010s [5, 6, 7, 8] to produce two-dimensional wall thickness maps from the GUW monitoring data.
Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of water by its different water desalination plants distributed around the kingdom. In SWCC above storage tanks (ASTs) have the capacity to store 140,000 m3 of produced water. Most tanks are commissioned more than 20 years and have worked properly with minor observations on their performance. Mostly SWCC tanks are made of carbon steel and internally protected with a two - components epoxy coating as a passive method and cathodic protection as an active method.
Lightweight structural composites were processed using a melt approach. Microstructural characterization was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Phase determination was carried out using X-ray diffraction.