AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Prediction Of Atmospheric Corrosion On Steel Bridge Components In A Changing Climate

Product Number: 51322-17953-SG

Author: Istemi F. Ozkan, Dario Markovinovic, Hamidreza Shirkhani, Jieying Zhang, Nafiseh Ebrahimi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

There are more than 47,000 publicly-owned roadway bridges in Canada.¹ Over 25% of these bridges have main structural load bearing components made of structural steel (i.e., truss and steel girder bridges) based on data from the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario – MTO.² According to Statistics Canada, the condition of approximately 40% of these bridges is rated as either very poor (unfit for sustained service), poor (increasing potential of affecting service), or fair (requires attention).³ It was reported by Koch et al.⁴ that corrosion is one of the main reasons that lead to structural deficiency of steel components of highway bridges. Especially in marine environments, steel bridges are at risk of high rates of corrosion, particularly beyond 15-20 years in service.⁵ This observation can be expanded to locations where the use of de-icing salt is common practice such as urban areas in North America. In addition, future climatic changes that are evident (i.e., change in temperature and relative humidity) may potentially affect the rate of corrosion-induced deterioration and affect the resistance of bridges against various load types throughout their life-cycle.

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Prediction of General and Localized Corrosion of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51319-12763-SG

Author: Ali Eslamimanesh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A previously developed theoretical framework has been extended to predict the general and localized corrosion of various corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) including alloys 2507 S13Cr 2535 28 and 29 in complex aqueous systems relevant to oil and gas production and aggressive process environments. For this purpose the model calculates the corrosion rates corrosion potential and repassivation potential as a function of temperature alkalinity pH partial pressure of gases (including H2S) and concentration of various aggressive and inhibitive species and organic or inorganic acids. The corrosion rates and potential are computed using the mixed-potential theory by considering the main anodic and cathodic reactions coupled with a rigorous thermodynamic model to account for speciation by solving phase and chemical equilibria. The repassivation potential is calculated from a model that simulates the phenomena at the interface of the alloy and the occluded solution environment. To enhance the predictive capabilities of the model the parameters of the repassivation potential model have been generalized as a function of alloy composition environment composition and temperature. The results show that the developed model reasonably represents and predicts the experimental corrosion potential repassivation potential and corrosion rate data from the literature.

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Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning in Integrated External Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51323-19393-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden, Joseph Mazzella, Keith Parker, Christophe Baete

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Managing external corrosion, especially for underground assets, is a significant challenge dating back to the first underground pipeline in 1865. The very first issue of the journal, CORROSION, featured a headline story on this subject. This subject is fundamental for corrosion engineers and pipeline operators.

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Predictive Coating Condition Model For Coating Lifetime Under Environmental Stressors

Product Number: 51322-17685-SG

Author: Victoria Avance, Brandi Clark, Liam Agnew, Fritz Friedersdorf

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense billions of dollars annually and accounts for a significant portion of maintenance time and costs.1 Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and maintenance based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health. Coating lifetime varies depending on the environmental stressors experienced in service, including temperature, humidity, and salt loading.

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Predictive Peridynamic 3D Models of Pitting Corrosion in Stainless Steel With Formation of Lacy Cove

Product Number: 51319-13374-SG

Author: Siavash Jafarzadeh

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Pitting corrosion of stainless steel is usually in the form of localized pits growing under porous or “lacy” covers. Covered pits are hard to detect and also contribute to stable pit growth. In this study a 3D peridynamic model for pitting corrosion [12] is used to model pit growth in stainless steel with autonomous formation of lacy covers. Lacy cover formation in this model is captured by including a repassivation criterion in the anodic dissolution process based on metal cation concentration. Peridynamic corrosion formulation uses a stochastic procedure in corrosion damage evolution [3] which leads to slightly asymmetric pits and lacy covers with realistic morphology for the first time [2]. The 3D model is validated against experiments from the literature for pits grown in 904L 316L and 304L stainless steels in NaCl solutions. The results show that the model can predict the variations in the topology of lacy covers with high fidelity. They allow us to conclude on the main factors that control pitting corrosion and lacy cover formation in stainless steel. With the high-fidelity simulation of perforations in pit covers this 3D peridynamic corrosion model allows for enhanced prediction of pit growth rate and aspect ratio. The model can be used as an effective tool in safe engineering design.References[1] Jafarzadeh S. Chen Z. and Bobaru F. 2018. Peridynamic modeling of repassivation in pitting corrosion of stainless steel.CORROSION 74(4) pp. 393-414.[2] Jafarzadeh S. Chen Z. and Bobaru F. 2018. Predictive 3D peridynamic model for pitting corrosion and lacy-covers. (in preparation).[3] Chen Z. and Bobaru F. 2015. Peridynamic modeling of pitting corrosion damage.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids78 pp.352-381.AcknowledgementThis work has been supported by the ONR project “SCC: the Importance of Damage Evolution in the Layer Affected by Corrosion” (program manager William Nickerson) and by the AFOSR MURI Center for Materials Failure Prediction through Peridynamics (program managers Jaimie Tiley David Stargel Ali Sayir Fariba Fahroo). This work was completed utilizing the Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska which receives support from the Nebraska Research Initiative.

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Preliminary Investigation on Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloys

Product Number: MPWT19-15298

Author: Mohamed Wahba, Miloud Souiyah

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

High-powered ultrasonic spot welding of metals is receiving growing interest as a prominent candidate to replace resistance spot welding, particularly of aluminum alloys, due to features such as solid-state welding, low energy consumption, short welding time, and long tool life. In this method, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations are applied to overlapping components held under normal static force. A relative motion of very short amplitude is generated between the two surfaces, which breaks the oxide films and brings fresh metal surfaces into contact, whereupon a metallurgical bond is developed. The current study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of ultrasonic spot welding of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Tensile lap shear tests were performed to evaluate the strength of joints produced with different welding parameters. Furthermore, the influence of weld energy on joint attributes was characterized through microstructure examination and micro-hardness measurement. It was possible to optimize the welding parameters to obtain joints of high strength. The results revealed that the higher the weld energy, on the one hand, promoted joint strength and on the other hand, expanded the softening area in the welded components.

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Preliminary Results From Assessment Of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMT) For Reactor Materials And Components

Product Number: ED22-17118-SG

Author: Mark Yoo, Matthew Hiser, Amy Hull

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) approach to preparing to regulate and review industry proposals for using advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in commercial nuclear applications focuses on identifying differences with AMT relative to conventional manufacturing. Initial AMTs based on industry interest include laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) additive manufacturing (AM) methods, powder metallurgy-hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP), electron beam welding (EBW), and cold spray (CS).

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Preliminary Results from the NIST Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Test Facility

Product Number: 51317--9454-SG

ISBN: 9454 2017 CP

Author: Brandi Clark

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Test Facility is equipped with 3 high-temperature, high-pressure vessels and a gas-phase Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) for simultaneous in situ monitoring of key contaminants. This paper outlines the capabilities of this new National Institute of Standards and Technology facility.

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Preliminary Study to Characterize Concrete Durability by Water Permeation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Product Number: 51324-21167-SG

Author: Kingsley Lau; Amer Awwad; Samanbar Permeh; Atorod Azizinamini

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sustainability of civil infrastructure construction can in part be attained by better testing to identify important material characteristics that affect durability. The quality of the concrete in reinforced concrete structures is a primary factor that enhances corrosion durability of reinforced concrete structures. The concrete may be assessed for quality control using methods such as bulk ion diffusivity tests, accelerated electrical migration tests, and electrical resistivity. There is interest in non-destructive in-situ testing for assessment of structures in service. In this study, preliminary tests were conducted to characterize the durability of concrete using a water permeation test, acoustic testing, as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Test results showed that the electrical properties of the hardened concrete can be assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy where a high frequency impedance loop (relating to the bulk material and internal moisture content) can be discerned. The concretes with lower water-to-cement ratio and larger coarse aggregates showed larger resonant frequency values that can be attributed to greater developed stiffness. A water permeation test was also demonstrated to differentiate internal moisture conditions, and its results (described by a decay factor derived from mass and energy balance) was well correlated to its concrete electrical parameters.

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Pre-Manufactured Architectural Fire Protection

Product Number: 41210-533-SG

Author: Bill Dempster

Publication Date: 2010

$20.00

A recent technology has been introduced where improved mechanical durability and aesthetically pleasing finish is achieved using pre-manufactured intumescent fire protection. This paper will detail how the pre-manufactured intumescent technology will provide an attractive alternative to spray application to achieve up to 2-hour rating with simple installation techniques that result in ultra smooth, no orange peel finish. This alternative process can be used on new construction, maintenance and building retrofits with little disruption on the job site.

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Premature Corrosion Attack of Stainless Steel Pipes and Welds

Product Number: 51324-20325-SG

Author: Hussain H. AlMahamedh; Ali H. AlShawaf

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Newly constructed Stainless Steel Pipes experienced multiple leaks during commissioning. The different sizes pipe were constructed of 316L and 304L stainless steel at one of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) affiliates. A failure investigation was performed to identify the root cause of the leaks. Samples were cut out of the pipes for analytical study. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study the corrosion damage morphology and the chemical compositions of the corrosion products. Cross sectional samples, out of the pipes, were prepared for Metallographic examinations. XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry) and carbon/sulfur analyzer was used to identify the chemical composition of the pipes material. The failure investigation suggests that, improper welding, mothballing and lay-up of the piping network after hydrotesting promoted Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC).

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Premature Failure of API 650 Oil Storage Tank Bottom Plates Due to Soil Side Corrosion

Product Number: 51317--9025-SG

ISBN: 9025 2017 CP

Author: Naif Abri

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The above ground storage tanks in the refinery are experiencing bottom plate underside (soil) corrosion at a high rate of 1mm/year. Results: Failure of 4 tanks within a period of 9 years. Observations, details of the CP survey, tests, results and forward path taken up.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance