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Each element & molecule has its own typical natural oscillation. The aim is to influence the original oscillation of the element through in such a way that ultimately the physical properties of the element or of the molecule are modified in the water. The results are rust molecules disintegrate in an unstable form and are washed out.
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This is the final paper in a series of papers that discusses weathering performance of 2-component (2K) polyurethane topcoats used in corrosion protective coatings applications, e.g., bridges, marine, stadiums, etc., with emphasis on the key formulating variables affecting performance.
Weathering performance of 2-component polyurethane topcoats used in corrosion protection applications, e.g. bridges, marine, stadiums, etc., is discussed with emphasis on some key formulating variables. Variables such as isocyanate index and resin selection are compared in an accelerated weathering study using various polyurethane topcoats. The results are referenced to SSPC polyurethane coating specifications which are often used in the industry to define performance criteria.
Canada's oil sands are the third largest deposit of crude oil in the world, and consist of a mixture of sand, water, and bitumen. Due to an aggressive operating environment that includes abrasive sands and corrosive chemicals, oil sands equipment and process piping often experience severe wear and erosion-corrosion, which can lead to the risk of equipment failures, plant downtime or, even worse, environmental leaks [1]. For more than half a century, oil sands producers have collaborated with materials suppliers, equipment fabricators, and technology providers to develop wear technologies to reduce downtime and improve operational reliability.
Tube coils in a radiant section of an ethylene cracking furnace are subject to corrosion. Repair welding of these tube coils is difficult. A degraded tube section is replaced by welding in a virgin tube section. The current paper presents the test results of a weld joint between a service-exposed tube and virgin tube using automatic orbital and manual gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) processes.
In November 2011 a 5 month old baby unfortunately got killed in a Dutch swimming pool because 2 speakers and a speaker frame landed on her head. This paper will describe how this accident could happen and what has been done in the Netherlands since 2001 when the entire ceiling and airchannels came down in another swimming pool (luckily this occured during closing time).
The Hanford site contains approximately 55 million gallons of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes arising from weapons production. This paper will present a Bayesian framework to model the probability of tank failures at Hanford and illustrate its use for tanks that are already known to have failed and leaked waste.
The alloys (used in chem/process industries) are usually in the solution annealed condition & must be fast cooled from the annealing temperature to prevent the precipitation of third phases such as sigma chi nitrides & alpha prime. This paper describes a reactivation test to detect alpha prime - used with 22%Cr and 25% Cr alloys. Case studies.
Refining industry cooling systems are prone to many different corrosion deterioration mechanisms one of which is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The study resulted in the development of a comprehensive control and monitoring plan to safeguard the integrity of the system.
Corrosion is a major cause of structural deterioration in the marine/offshore industry. FOr that reason, reliability assessment and maintenance planning of these structures are crucial. In the current work a combination multi-phase phenomenological and mechanistic model for pitting corrosion is tested using Bayesian network (BN) approach.
In 2010, mechanical integrity personnel started the application of the Direct Assessment (DA) and Inline Inspection Methodologies (ILI) to establish the integrity validation baseline assessments for a Pipeline Integrity Program (PIP) for the pipelines operated within Blocks 12 and 15 by Petroamazonas EP, in Ecuador.
This paper will show improvements in interpretation of direct current voltage gradient % IR and how accurate selection of pipeline coating rehabilitation location based on this concept would lead to improvements in cathodic protection performance. Case studies from previous external corrosion direct assessment digs will be presented.