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NEW EDITION! This book provides an extensive update on the second edition with general coverage of the wide field of corrosion control. It is designed to help readers being initiated into corrosion work and presents each corrosion process or control procedure in the most basic terms. Since the first edition was published in 1970, there have been major advances and changes in the technologies used to combat corrosion damage. Third Edition. 2018 NACE E-BOOK.
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Food consists mainly of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Processed foods contain diverse aqueous solutions, syrups, and additives, used to improve food appearance, taste, quality and preservation. They have a wide pH range, components such as, salt, water, and vinegar impact food corrosivity.
Cobalt (Co) - Chromium (Cr) based alloys are known for exhibiting a superior combination of corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, galling resistance, and high temperature strength. They have found a wide variety of applications in automotive, aerospace, chemical and biomedical applications. They are frequently known as the Stellite† grade of families (ex: Stellite† 1, Stellite† 6, Stellite† 12, Stellite† 21, etc.) and are broadly classified into the Co-Cr-Mo-C and the Co-Cr-W-C systems. The relatively high Carbon (C)and Tungsten (W) containing (Co-Cr) alloys are mostly used for their high wear properties.
This paper describes the development of a formal corrosion inspection and condition assessment program to support corrosion and asset management planning for maritime structures at Port Houston. A hierarchical, elemental-based inspection approach was developed using visual inspection criteria and prescribed measurements to characterize the condition of coatings and cathodic protection systems for above- and underwater elements in maritime structures.
Dubai Petroleum (the Operator) operates five offshore oil fields in the Emirate of Dubai (Fateh, South West Fateh, Falah, Jallilah and Rashid), in addition to various onshore gas production, storage, distribution and import facilities, and LNG import facilities. The assets within these offshore fields consist of approximately 80 platforms of various sizes, comprising central bridge linked processing facilities in Fateh and South West Fateh, and outlying normally unmanned wellhead production platforms. These platforms are linked by a network of over 150 subsea pipelines, of which over 30 are presently operational sea water injection pipelines.
Corrosion is one of the leading maintenance costs across the United States Surface Navy, with approximately 25 cents of every dollar spent on maintenance going towards fighting or correcting corrosion. In addition to the huge financial burden, corrosion can limit the ability of our Navy’s ships to meet operational commitments and even prevent them from achieving their expected service life (ESL).
Pipelines and rigid risers made in conventional X65 grade require large wall thickness to withstand the high loads imposed during installation and under operating conditions in deep and ultra-deepwater field developments. The use of high-strength steels like X80 is an attractive alternative since it improves catenary weight by reducing wall thickness.
The paper discusses how SRFeCO3 affects the stability of the corrosion product films and how SRFeCO3 can be used to estimate the equilibrium pressure of H2S in the annulus.
Slurry pipeline systems are used for the extraction of bitumen from mined ore in the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Most of these extraction processes are open to atmosphere resulting in significant air ingress and entrainment within the slurry pipelines used to transport mined ore and tailings. In addition, for short hydrotransport slurry pipelines, the slurry is conditioned by air to create bubbles coated with a bitumen film called “air-sacks”.
The efforts to lower automotive component weight to make cars more fuel efficient has increased the demand for aluminum alloys. In these applications, substantial amounts of heat are generated due to engine combustion, making it necessary to cool the engine systems. Metals in an engine application will rely on coolant to transfer heat. Corrosion behavior is another consideration for metals. Aluminum alloys, similar to the metals they are replacing, are sensitive to corrosion, especially in an aqueous alkaline environment.
A suitable acid package in matrix acidizing application is very important to the stimulation employed to improve the productivity of carbonate reservoirs. Typically, concentrated acids between 5 and 28 wt% are used and the most used mineral acid for carbonate acidizing treatment is hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1,2. A significant challenge of acidizing treatment is corrosion loss of metal tubulars due to the high reactivity of acid and metal, especially at high temperatures. Corrosion inhibitors are needed to reduce the corrosion loss of steel surface of facilities exposed in acidic environment.
Corrosion of pipelines made of carbon steel and exposed to wet hydrocarbons containing CO2 and H2S is a common but serious problem encountered in petroleum industry and its occurrence causes enormousexpense due to production downtime, accidental injuries, and replacement costs. Control and prevent corrosion using chemical treatment (e.g. corrosion inhibitor injection) is one of the most cost-effective solutions and commonly practiced methods to prevent corrosion failures in pipelines in oil and gas industry. Generally speaking, the active corrosion inhibitor (CI) components in commercial CI packages are usually organic, nitrogen-based surfactants such as amines, imidazoline and its derivatives. Due to the amphiphilic nature of surfactants, a good fraction of the injected CI will inevitably go into the oil phase through partitioning and to the oil/water interface.