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A visual inspection of a subsea field development, transporting wet gas, containing approximately 1.5 to 2 mol% of CO2 to shore, was conducted via ROV (remotely operated vehicle). The pipeline system is largely carbon steel with only short lengths of CRA (corrosion resistant alloy) piping from the wellhead to the production/pigging manifold. Downstream of the pigging manifold the system has 20” carbon steel spools leading to the FTA (flowline termination assembly) and then 20” carbon steel flowlines to the riser platform.
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The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense billions of dollars annually and accounts for a significant portion of maintenance time and costs.1 Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and maintenance based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health. Coating lifetime varies depending on the environmental stressors experienced in service, including temperature, humidity, and salt loading.
Because process shutdowns are expensive, it is desirable to speed up the turn-around time when applying protective coating systems on concrete. Rapid installation of surfacing materials on concrete can be problematical due to inadequate surface preparation, residual moisture, low surface tensile strength, and poor compatibility between the concrete substrate repair materials and the protective coating system.
The practice of lining concrete substrates has increased exponentially over the past thirty (30) years, most notably in the wastewater treatment industry. Environmental regulations, coupled with changes to treatment processes, have resulted in far more severe environments in which concrete can and will corrode.
Duplex systems, also known as painting over hot dip galvanized steel, are extremely effective corrosion protection systems. However, careful surface preparation techniques need to be used to alleviate potential coating failures. The age and characteristics of the galvanized coating should be used to determine what type of surface preparation is needed. Surface preparation should develop an anchor profile for the paint without removing the zinc coating.
Population growth in city centers has spurred the expansion and new construction of direct current (DC) powered transit systems throughout the world1. Despite stringent design criteria, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) monitored construction practices and ongoing track maintenance, it is a fact that DC stray current will eventually occur and negatively impact buried and/or submerged metallic structures immediately adjacent and within the transit right-of-way (ROW)2. In combination with other methods to reduce stray current such as high track-to-earth (TTE) resistance values and shorter distances between substations, transit agencies are specifying the welding of reinforced steel structures within their purview such as retaining walls and footings, approach slabs, aerial inverts, and bridge abutments to prevent stray current from reducing the design life of surrounding metallicstructures.
Reports the corrosion performance of damaged thermally sprayed aluminium in a simulated deep sea environment. Detailed microstructural characterisation of the calcareous deposit confirmed the formation of protective Mg-based layers.
The paper includes laboratory testing data and application methods of shrink film, impregnated foams and coatings containing vapor corrosion inhibitor (VCI) that are being applied in conservation process of industrial and military equipment.
Although moisture in the air and on the surface has always been a concern, psychrometrics has been a confusing and misunderstood area of the industrial coating business. Psychrometrics (the study of water in the air) is used every day in the HVAC and humidity control industries and the mechanical engineer or refrigeration professional may have a clear understanding of the concepts used in this realm.
Tensile pull-off adhesion testing is becoming a more frequent specification requirement for in situ quality assurance testing to confirm proper surface preparation and adhesion of high performance protective linings applied to concrete. It is also becoming a widely used test for forensic analysis of protective linings in existing installations. There have been numerous investigations leading to the development of different devices and test pull-off adhesion methods used to assess bond strengths of mortars and overlay materials
This paper summarizes a coating application to a diver’s barge and field performance evaluation process for a system that prevents quagga mussels from attachment. The coating system utilizes two separate manufactures for the one system on the immersion side, combined to create a non adhering quagga mussel barrier coating.
Underground natural gas storage (UGS) is an important component of the overall natural gas transportation and distribution system. It enables the utilities to supply natural gas during high seasonal demand periods and store gas during periods of lower demand. There are approximately 627 underground gas storage sites worldwide with a working gas capacity of 319.3 Billion m3 ( about 11.8 Trillion Cubic feet). The U.S. has a total of 414 natural gas storage fields, out of which 25 are inactive.