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As long ago as 1973, design codes1 considered the possibility of hydrogen embrittlement due to CP. Between 1986 and 19952-4 the failure of DSS fasteners subjected to CP were reported. These were associated with high ferrite levels in the steel (approximately 70%) combined with precipitation hardening at 475°C to give the high levels of strength desired for fastener applications. At the same time, the susceptibility of DSS welds to hydrogen embrittlement had been reported5. Just like the fastener failures, the hydrogen cracking of welds was associated with high ferrite levels (70%), highly restrained joints and in the case of welds, high levels of diffusible hydrogen.
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High strength carbon steel tensile wires confined in the annulus of flexible pipes might experience corrosion when the annulus is flooded with water, either due to outer sheath breaches or to condensation of water molecules permeating from the bore through the inner sheath. Carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules may also permeate from the bore and reach the annulus, where it dissolves into water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Corrosion is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which can have massive impacts on the functioning of industrial assets. The threat of corrosion is exacerbated in situations where regular corrosion inspections are difficult. The Virtual Corrosion Engineer (VCE) Project within Shell is intended to offer a solution to this problem by automatically assessing the corrosion rates and threat levels in assets due to a variety of corrosion mechanisms. The VCE system has been deployed in an asset progressively since 2019.
Measurement techniques and precautions commonly on underground tanks to determine if compliance with a specific criterion has been achieved.
This standard provides a test method to evaluate coatings containing conductive carbon additives for use as an anode on atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete.
Test method to evaluate coatings w/conductive carbon pigmentation as Cathodic Protection (CP) anodes on atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete. Anode coatings are not to provide a protective barrier. HISTORICAL DOCUMENT
Aboveground evaluation of the coating condition of underground metallic pipelines. Includes surveys of alternating current (AC) attenuation, direct current (DC), AC-voltage gradient, and the Pearson survey.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Test method specifies procedures to evaluate cathodic disbondment resistance of the steel structure coating systems under cathodic protection, such as buried or submerged pipeline and tank linings.
A laboratory procedure for determining the potential and current capacity characteristics of aluminum alloy anodes used for cathodic protection. Historical Document 1990
Previous papers by two of the authors have examined 1) the futility of attempting to correlate accelerated corrosion testing results to real world corrosion observations, and 2) how corrosion testing is useful as an indicator of performance without the need for real world correlation and what may be expected in a corrosive environment and how these results can be usefully applied in the real world. This third paper in the trilogy, examines a specific attribute of accelerated corrosion testing, that being the utility of wet/dry cycling testing versus continuous fog methods.
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and other polymeric materials are used in many ways to reduce and manage corrosion damage for industrial, infrastructure and municipal applications. It is common practice to use the term “resin” for polymers in these materials. This paper uses polymer interchangeably with resin. This paper will also only consider glass fiber reinforcements.
This technical report presents state-of-the-art information on several commercially available galvanic cathodic protection/prevention systems for protecting atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete structures. The information contained in this report has been provided by key manufacturers of these systems and is intended as a technical resource for engineers responsible for the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures. It may also be useful to owners, contractors, and other practitioners related to the field of galvanic cathodic protection (CP). All information related to galvanic CP is intended for atmospherically exposed concrete structures and may not be applicable to concrete containing epoxy-coated reinforcing steel, galvanized, or other coated or nonferrous reinforcement.