AMPP Store - AMPP Conference Papers

Available for download

Two Coat Inorganic Coatings System for Corrosion Resistance and Long-Life

Product Number: 51324-21092-SG

Author: Kristen Blankenship; James Lawson

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Extending service life of an offshore wind tower brings value to the owner and has the added benefit of reducing environmental impact. Arguably the biggest threat to service- life is degradation. When constructing with steel, corrosion is the threat to mitigate. Coatings formulated with zinc dust have been the primary strategy for protection. Zinc dust incorporated into silicate resins is considered an inorganic zinc coating. In recent years silicate finishes made without zinc have entered the market to create a two- coat inorganic system offering unmatched corrosion protection in a finish with various color options. The silicate resin is low carbon and won’t contribute to microplastic accumulation in the ocean. This paper will explain what a two- coat inorganic corrosion resistant system is, how it works, what it looks like and most importantly how it extends the life- cycle of wind towers by inhibiting corrosion for decades.

Available for download

U.S. Perspective On Harvesting And Archiving Of Aged Components To Improve Materials Degradation Knowledge And Inform Aging Management

Product Number: ED22-17113-SG

Author: M.Hiser, P. Xu, R.Tregoning, J. Smith, C. Judge

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Historically, regulators, industry and other research organizations have performed research on materials harvested from a broad range of components, including the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), internals, and piping. Harvesting has included both service-aged materials as well as components from unfinished reactors. This harvesting and associated research has provided valuable insights into materials performance, such as flaw populations, materials properties, aging effects and non-destructive evaluation effectiveness.

Available for download

ulti-Axial Fatigue Initiation Testing and Specimen Characterization of 304 Stainless Steel

Product Number: ED22-18372-SG

Author: Eleanor M Grieveson, Peter Gill, Paul Onwuarolu, Ben Coult, Alistair Garner

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Current fatigue assessments for the fatigue life of a plant component are usually based on methodologies that use uniaxial fatigue test data (i.e. ASME Section III, and are intended to be conservative for design and fitness-for-purpose assessments when applied to plant components and loading. This data is generated through cyclic loading of specimens at a constant amplitude, and failure is usually defined as when there is a load drop of 25% from steady state stress under strain-controlled conditions (or specimen separation for stress control). The corresponding number of cycles is then used as the definition of fatigue life for a particular strain amplitude. It is known that there are differences between fatigue behaviour in an idealised laboratory setting and in-service components which can contribute to excessive conservatism in plant assessments.

Available for download

Ultrasonic Guided Waves and Machine Learning for Corrosion Monitoring in Steel Pipes

Product Number: 51323-19289-SG

Author: Magnus Wangensteen, Tonni Franke Johansen, Ali Fatemi, Erlend Magnus Viggen

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In a pipe, guided Lamb-like waves can propagate around the circumference of the pipe wall. As they do, the waves pick up details about the pipe wall’s characteristics, such as its inner surface condition and, most significantly, its thickness. A robust pipe wall thickness estimation method based on conventional (i.e., non-machine learning) processing methods has been proposed by the authors.

Available for download

Understanding Alkalinity for Use in Corrosion Prediction

Product Number: 51324-21064-SG

Author: Bruce Brown; Yougui Zheng; Jason Dreher; Marc Singer

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Parameters reported in production fluid water chemistry analyses are used by engineers for determination of scaling tendency and corrosivity, thus promoting optimal production rates while maintaining asset integrity. Water chemistry analysis documents report ion concentrations, total alkalinity, and various graphical data sets related to the tested brine which are designed to assist field engineers. The alkalinity value provided in these documents is of utmost importance to corrosion engineers as it is a measure of the capacity of an aqueous solution to resist changes in acidification. Alkalinity can also be directly linked to the in situ pH of the produced brine and can therefore provide key inputs to assess and predict its corrosivity. Yet, including alkalinity into corrosion production models can be challenging considering there is still much uncertainty among operators about the validity and meaning of the reported alkalinity value. For that reason, recent publications (two AMPP standards) have focused on providing additional guidelines to those who need this knowledge. This is of key importance for the optimization of appropriate and economic corrosion and scaling mitigation strategies. This paper will review the use of the alkalinity term and water chemistry analysis with goals of minimizing confusion and optimizing the use of proper data input for corrosion prediction models.

Available for download

Understanding Atmospheric Corrosion Damage On An Aircraft Representative Galvanic Specimen: A Two-Pronged Approach That Combines Modeling With Experimental Measurement

Product Number: 51322-17638-SG

Author: Thomas Curtin, Robert Adey, Andres Peratta

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Aircraft representative galvanic test articles and witness coupons were placed out for atmospheric exposure testing at the U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) site in Key West, Florida. One set of test specimens was exposed to only ambient environment for a 62 day period; a second set of test specimens was exposed to both ambient environment (initial 62 days), and a short duration, twice daily, seawater spray protocol over a further 55 day period. Environmental loading was monitored using sensors that measured temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and time of wetness (TOW), at 30 minute intervals. Following retrieval, the test articles were inspected in the laboratory using laser profilometry to characterize the spatial distribution and depth of corrosion damage. Mass loss measurement using the witness coupons was used to estimate relative corrosion rates for the two periods.

Available for download

Understanding Carbon Steel Corrosion and Inhibition in Deep Pit-Like Features Under Thick Deposit Layers

Product Number: 51323-19284-SG

Author: Raeesa Bhamji, Frederick Pessu, Joshua Owen, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion of carbon steel is the most prominent reason for pipeline failure in a range of industries, from oil and gas transportation to water treatment facilities and nuclear waste storage. Under-deposit corrosion occurs in low fluid flow rate environments, when particulate matter (such as sand and clay) settles on the bottom of transportation pipelines. The presence of deposits results in a diffusion barrier, which significantly alters interfacial solution chemistry compared with that of the bulk.

Available for download

Understanding Effect Of Scribe Method On Variability In Accelerated Corrosion Test Results

Product Number: 51322-17897-SG

Author: Sarah Specht

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The coatings industry has made widespread use of a variety of accelerated test methods to quickly and effectively evaluate coating performance. Such accelerated methods are advantageous for predicting coating system performance where real-time testing is impractical. For example, it is not practical to evaluate coatings in harsh environments where coatings are expected to last for decades when the pace of innovation and new coating development is faster than the test time would need to be. Therefore a variety of test methods exist to evaluate coatings on metal substrates, such as steel or aluminum. Coatings that will be subjected to corrosive environments require testing in environments to simulate the effects of corrosion, typically involving exposure to moderate salt concentration and elevated temperatures for a specified amount of time. Such tests, testing environments, and evaluation methods include ASTM B117,ISO 9227, and ISO 12944, to name a few.

Available for download

Understanding of Corrosion Inhibitor Behavior through Interaction between Stearic Acid and Alkane

Product Number: 51324-20900-SG

Author: Susumu Hirano; Tatsuya Sei; Midori Kawasaki; Atsushi Kobayashi

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A principle of corrosion inhibitor behavior in an oil pipeline was studied with stearic acid and alkane. The role of corrosion inhibitor is explained by the function of surfactant, i.e., partition from oil to water, dispersion in water and adsorption on metal surface. Stearic acid alkane solution was treated as a single component model inhibitor. The performance of the model inhibitor was evaluated by measuring corrosion rates of carbon steel in a metal-oil-water system. Interfacial tension and total organic carbon were measured to investigate the dispersion of the model inhibitor. The corrosion rate was influenced by the carbon chain length of alkane, flow speed and pH of the test solution. The carbon chain length and flow rate seemed to affect the dispersion of the model inhibitor in the aqueous phase in association with the interfacial tension between alkane and water. Alkane dissociation at pH 5.5 seemed to accelerate the adsorption of the model inhibitor.

Available for download

Understanding of the Differences on CaCO3 and CaSO4 Control by Diethylenetriamine Penta (Methylphosphonic acid) before and after Thermal Aging

Product Number: 51323-18789-SG

Author: Jian Hou, Tao Chen

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Scale is an adherent deposit of inorganic compounds precipitated from water onto surfaces. Most oilfield waters contain certain amounts of dissolved calcium, barium or strontium salts. The mineral scale can be formed by chemical reactions in the formation water itself, by mixing of formation water with injected seawater, or by mixing of the well streams of two incompatible oilfield waters. In carbonate reservoirs, when calcium is deposited as calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate scale, a loss of production and increased maintenance expenses can result. Therefore, effective mitigation of scaling potential is of importance to the oil producers.

Available for download

Understanding the Corrosion Performance and Mechanism of Stainless and Carbon Steels in Different Storage and Transportation of Pyrolysis Oil Environments

Product Number: 51324-21226-SG

Author: Minkang Liu; Xue Han; Yimin Zeng

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study assessed the suitability of two candidate materials for use in fast pyrolysis reactors and their core components. An immersion test conducted at temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C over a 7- day period revealed significant corrosion in carbon steel A516-70, with corrosion rates reaching up to 6.24 mm/year. In contrast, UNS S32205 displayed impressive resistance to corrosion, even at 80 °C. Fe2O3 have been identified as the major corrosion products on A516-70, chromium oxides and spinel oxides were found on UNS S32205. The primary corrosive agents were identified as organic acids present in the pyrolysis oil, owing to the oil's high total acidic number and low pH value. Ongoing microscopic characterizations aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying corrosion mechanisms.

Understanding the Effect of Water Chemistry and Surface Grinding on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation of Filler Metal 82

Product Number: ED22-17143-SG

Author: N.SUPORNPAIBUL, M.G. BURKE, J. DUFF, F. SCENINI, Y.WANG

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

SCC of Ni-base filler metal (FM) 82 has been reported in the nozzles and other components in Light Water Reactors (LWRs). The typical characteristics of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ni-base alloys are a long incubation time followed by slow propagation, which can suddenly transition to fast propagation. Whilst there has been considerable effort expended to develop an SCC mechanism that can explain and predict SCC in Alloy 600, fewer studies have investigated SCC of FM 82. The Preferential Intergranular Oxidation (PIO) SCC mechanism of Alloy 600 proposed by Bertali et al. which is an evolution of the Selective Internal Oxidation SCC mechanism proposed by Scott and Le Calvar is considered one of the most representative primary water SCC mechanisms for Alloy 600.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance