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11160 Effect of Selective Dissolution on Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels in Alkaline Solutions

Picture for 11160 Effect of Selective Dissolution on Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility
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Product Number: 51300-11160-SG
ISBN: 11160 2011 CP
Author: Heikki Leinonen, Pekka Pohjanne, Tanja Schildt, Jyrki Romu, Hannu Hänninen and Tapio Saukkonen
Publication Date: 2011
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The formation of nickel-rich layers on austenitic stainless steels in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1970’s. Recently, a more detailed study has shown the nature of the de-alloying process and established firm links with the other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in strong caustic environments. In this study, the role of de-alloying in SCC of the austenitic and duplex stainless steel AISI 304 (EN1.4301) and S322205 (EN1.4462) is evaluated in 50% NaOH and also in NaCl/Na2S containing caustic environments (pulping liquors) at 413 K (140ºC) and 463 K (190ºC).

The results show that selective dissolution of alloying elements occurs on surface of the specimens and at the crack tip and strain is necessary for selective dissolution. The proposal that the rate determining step in SCC is generation of vacancies by selective dissolution at the crack tip will be confirmed in the further detailed examinations. Chromium, iron and molybdenum are dissolving selectively and/or precipitating during the process which affects the general corrosion and SCC susceptibility depending on the alloy composition and microstructure of the steel. FEG-SEM examination shows that the dealloyed layer exhibits extremely fine nanoporosity.

Key words: selective dissolution, de-alloying, duplex stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, caustic solution
The formation of nickel-rich layers on austenitic stainless steels in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1970’s. Recently, a more detailed study has shown the nature of the de-alloying process and established firm links with the other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in strong caustic environments. In this study, the role of de-alloying in SCC of the austenitic and duplex stainless steel AISI 304 (EN1.4301) and S322205 (EN1.4462) is evaluated in 50% NaOH and also in NaCl/Na2S containing caustic environments (pulping liquors) at 413 K (140ºC) and 463 K (190ºC).

The results show that selective dissolution of alloying elements occurs on surface of the specimens and at the crack tip and strain is necessary for selective dissolution. The proposal that the rate determining step in SCC is generation of vacancies by selective dissolution at the crack tip will be confirmed in the further detailed examinations. Chromium, iron and molybdenum are dissolving selectively and/or precipitating during the process which affects the general corrosion and SCC susceptibility depending on the alloy composition and microstructure of the steel. FEG-SEM examination shows that the dealloyed layer exhibits extremely fine nanoporosity.

Key words: selective dissolution, de-alloying, duplex stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, stress corrosion cracking, caustic solution
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51312-01202-Selective Dissolution and Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic and Duplex Stainles

Product Number: 51312-01202-SG
ISBN: 01202 2012 CP
Author: Pekka Pohjanne
Publication Date: 2012
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00596 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF STAINLESS ALLOYS IN OXYGENATED CAUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS

Product Number: 51300-00596-SG
ISBN: 00596 2000 CP
Author: Stephen Clarke
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03518 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF 304L STAINLESS STEEL IN SODIUM SULFIDE-CONTAINING CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS

Product Number: 51300-03518-SG
ISBN: 03518 2003 CP
Author: Preet M. Singh, Oluwatosin Ige, Jamshad Mahmood
Publication Date: 2003
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Austenitic stainless steels are susceptible to caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) above 121°C.  When sulfides are present in caustic solutions the SCC has been reported to occur at lower temperatures. This paper discusses a study of the role of sulfide in caustic solutions on SCC of austenitic stainless at T=~50°C.
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